Human activity, Cultural landscape

Alto Douro
The Alto Douro Wine Region is a cultural landscape shaped by winemaking. The region has a hot dry micro climate and rocky soil.
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Ambohimanga
The Royal Hill of Ambohimanga is an archeological site that contains a ruined city, burial sites, and assorted sacred places.
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Ancient villages of Northern Syria
The Ancient villages of Northern Syria are the remains of rural societies from late Antiquity and early Christianity.
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Aranjuez
Aranjuez Cultural Landscape is a series of intermeshed water, garden, agricultural and constructed landscapes at a strategic royal location between Madrid and Toledo.
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Bali Subak system
The Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy comprises five sets of rice terraces and associated water temples.
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Bam Cultural Landscape
Bam and its Cultural Landscape is an outstanding example of a Central Asian trading settlement. The town had its heyday from the 7th to 11th centuries.
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Bamiyan Valley
The Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley is an outstanding representation of the Buddhist art that resulted from the interaction between man and nature especially from the 1st to 13th centuries CE.
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Bassari Country
Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes represents an isolated, multicultural society of traditional communities.
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Blaenavon Industrial Landscape
Blaenavon town owes its existence to the early production of iron and coal in its mines and ironworks.
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Causses and Cévennes
The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape is a landscape that has evolved over three millennia.
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Chief Roi Mata's Domain
Chief Roi Mata’s Domain is a group of archeological sites associated with the oral traditions surrounding the late chief.
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Cilento and Vallo di Diano
The Cilento is a cultural landscape that has blossomed in prehistoric times and the Middle Ages. Because of its geographical location, it played an important role in Mediterranean trade, culture and politics.
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Coffee Cultural Landscape
The Coffee Cultural Landscape comprises 6 landscapes and 18 urban centres within the coffee producing areas in the Andes.
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Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape
The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape was transformed in the 18th and 19th century by industrialised copper and tin mining.
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Costiera Amalfitana
The Costiera Amalfitana is a landscape with exceptional cultural and natural scenic values. The steep slopes of the Monti Lattari, rising from the coast, are dotted with colourful little towns.
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Curonian Spit
The Curonian Spit is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand dune peninsula that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea.
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Fertö/Neusiedlersee
Fertö/Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape is the result of the symbiotic process of human interaction with second largest steppe lake in Central Europe.
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First Coffee Plantations
The Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the Southeast of Cuba forms a unique testimony of agricultural exploitation for coffee production.
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Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz
The Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz is a series of landscape parks developed in the 18th century by Prince Leopold III Friedrich Franz of Anhalt-Dessau and his friend and adviser Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff.
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Gobustan Rock Art
Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape has an outstanding collection of more then 600,000 rock paintings.
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Grand Pré
The Landscape of Grand Pré is a polder created for farmland by the Acadian community. Originally a Marshland inhabited by native Mi’kmaq people, the reclamation of the land was carried out in stages in the 17th and 18th century.
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Hallstatt-Dachstein
The Hallstatt-Dachstein Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape is an area of great prosperity originating from salt production, which is "reflected in the fine architecture of the town of Hallstatt.
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Hortobágy
Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta is the biggest grassland that remained in Central Europe. Hortobágy is similar to a steppe, a grassy plain with cattle, sheep, oxen, horses, tended by herdsmen, and it provides habitat for various different species (342 bird species have been registered to appear).
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Incense Route of the Negev
The Incense Route and Desert Cities of the Negev reflects the hugely profitable trade in frankincense and myrrh.
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Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine
Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape is a relict mining landscape that flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries due to an exchange of ideas and trade with East Asia and Europe.
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Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, south of Krakow, is a landscape park and a pilgrimage site. The layout was designed by Feliks Zebrowski in 1604.
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Kernavë Archeological Site
Kernavë Archeological Site represents an exceptional testimony to some 10 millennia of human settlements in this region.
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Kew Gardens
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, were added to the list because of their role in the history of botany and their landscape gardens.
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Kii Mountain Range
The Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range are testimony to the Shinto belief and its fusion into Shinto-Buddhism.
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Konso
Konso Cultural Landscape represents a living cultural tradition that has existed for over 400 years in a dry environment.
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Koutammakou
Koutammakou, the land of the Batammariba, is a traditional settlement known for the architecture of mud Takienta tower-houses.
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Kuk
Kuk Early Agricultural Site covers 116ha of swamp land that has been systematically cultivated since 7,000 and possibly 10,000 years ago.
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Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces
The Lavaux Vineyard Terraces comprise a 30km stretch of land along Lake Geneva where viticulture has been practised since at least the 11th century.
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Le Morne
Le Morne Cultural Landscape encompasses a natural fortress that was used as a retreat for escaping slaves in the 18th and early 19th century.
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Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape
Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape is an artifical landscape of 200 km2 that evolved during the Enlightenment under the guidance of the House of Liechtenstein.
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Lenggong Valley
The Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley are four sites related to early man outside Africa.
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Loire Valley
The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes is a cultural landscape symbolic of human interaction with the river Loire.
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Lopé-Okanda
The Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda has seen over 400.000 years of almost continuous human settlement.
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Lushan National Park
Lushan National Park is a cultural landscape known for its natural beauty. It has inspired many Chinese artists, writers, philosophers and scientists.
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Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley
The Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley is a valley of glacial origin which drains the largest secondary basin in Andorra.
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Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe was a city that flourished from AD 1050 to AD 1270. It marked the center of a pre-Shona kingdom which covered parts of modern-day Botswana and Zimbabwe.
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Matobo Hills
The Matobo Hills are a living cultural landscape in south-western Zimbabwe, where people have interacted for over 100.
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Mijikenda Kaya Forests
The Mijikenda Kaya Forests consist of 11 separate forest sites spread over some 200 km along the coast containing the remains of numerous fortified villages, known as kayas, of the Mijikenda people.
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Mount Wutai
Mount Wutai is a sacred mountain, one of the Four Sacred Mountains in Chinese Buddhism. It takes its name from its unusual topography, consisting of five rounded peaks (North, South, East, West, Central).
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Muskauer Park
Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski is a mid 19th century landscape park. It covers 3.5 square kilometres of land in Poland and 2.
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Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin
The Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin is a mining and industrial cultural landscape along a 120km long coal seam in the far north of France.
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Orkhon Valley
The Orkhon Valley encompasses 121.967 hectares, and can be found in Central-Mongolia. It also includes Kharkhorum, the 13th and 14th century capital of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan’s vast Empire.
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Osun-Osogbo
The Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove is a sacred forest that is the cradle of Yoruba cultural traditions. It is the domicile of Osun, the Yoruba goddess of fertility.
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Papahanaumokuakea
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument is a protected area encompassing 140,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of ocean waters and ten islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
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Persian Garden
"The Persian Garden" comprises nine gardens from different epochs and climates. They derive from the Chahar Bagh model: the division of a site into 4 sectors, opening out into the 4 cardinal directions.
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Pico Island
The Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture is the result of the agriculture practice of viniculture on a small volcanic island since the 15th century.
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Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands
Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) are the result of human impact on the steep slopes along the Ligurian coast.
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Pyrénées - Mount Perdu
Pyrénées - Mount Perdu contains a scenic (agri)cultural landscape at the third highest mountain in the Pyrenees.
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Qadisha Valley
The Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab) is a cultural landscape encompassing one of the most important early Christian monastic settlements in the world.
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Quebrada de Humahuaca
The Quebrada de Humahuaca is a mountain valley that has been in use as a cultural route between the Andean highlands and the plains for over 11000 years.
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Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
The Rice Terraces of the Cordilleras (on the island of Luzon) ar a cultural landscape developed 2000 years ago by the Ifugao people.
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Richtersveld
The Richtersveld Community Conservancy is a mountainous desert in the north-west part of South Africa.
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea, is a dramatic example how the landscape has been used and shaped.
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Rock Islands
Rock Islands Southern Lagoon is a marine landscape that includes 445 iconically shaped, uninhabited islands.
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Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are a repository of rock paintings within natural rock shelters with archaeological evidences of habitation and lithic industry, from the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods through the Chalcolithic to the Mediaeval period.
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Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy
The Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy are groups of chapels and other architectural features created in the late 16th and 17th centuries and dedicated to different aspects of the Christian faith.
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Saint-Emilion
The Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion is a cultural landscape dedicated to winemaking. The Romans planted vineyards in what was to become Saint-Émilion as early as the 2nd century AD.
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Saloum Delta
The Saloum Delta is representative of a traditional coastal lifestyle of shellfish gathering and fishing.
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Serra de Tramuntana
The Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana is a man-made landscape on a mountain range on Mallorca.
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Sintra
The Cultural landscape of Sintra encompasses a narrow mountainous strip with an ensemble of gardens, parks, and monuments.
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Southern Öland
The Agricultural Landscape of Southern Öland is a site that has been in agricultural use since prehistory.
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St. Kilda
St. Kilda is an remote and uninhabited archipelago renowned as seabird breeding station. The islands lie in Scotland’s Outer Hebrides.
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Stari Grad Plain
The Stari Grad Plain is an agricultural landscape of vineyards and olive trees that has been in continuous use since Greek Antiquity.
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Sukur
The Sukur Cultural Landscape with its palace, terraced fields with ritual features and villages has survived unchanged for many centuries.
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Sulaiman-Too
Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain is an Islamic and pre-Islamic sacred mountain. The mountain has a height of ca.
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Tamgaly
Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly is the best researched and documented site of rock art in Central Asia.
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Tequila
The Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila is an area that shows agave cultivation and represents the growth of tequila distillation since the 17th century.
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Thingvellir
Ţingvellir National Park is a cultural landscape representing mediaeval Norse/Germanic culture. It lies in the the southwest of Iceland near the peninsula of Reykjanes and the Hengill volcanic area.
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Tokaji Wine Region
The Tokaji Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape consists of 28 named villages and 7,000 hectares of classified vineyards.
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Tongariro National Park
Tongariro National Park is an associative cultural landscape of active volcanic mountains that hold a number of Maori religious sites.
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Uluru
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park is a striking physical landscape that contains two rock formations which contrast sharply with the surrounding sand plains and desert.
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Upper Middle Rhine Valley
The Upper Middle Rhine Valley is a cultural landscape that has been formed by the transport of means and ideas for over 2,000 years.
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Val d'Orcia
The Val d’Orcia is a cultural landscape made out of farmlands and fortified villages on hilltops. The landscape as it unfolds nowadays was created by wealthy Siennese merchants in the 14th and 15th centuries.
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Vat Phou
Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape is a ruined Khmer Hindu temple complex interacting with its natural surroundings.
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Vegařyan
The Vega Archipelago, or Vegařyan in Norwegian, is a cluster of around 6,500 small islands in Nordland just south of the arctic circle that surrounds the main island of Vega and is habitated since the Stone Age.
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Vińales Valley
Vińales Valley is a living cultural landscape where traditional agriculture is practiced. Due to its fertile soil and favourable climate, farming started here in the 17th century.
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Wachau Cultural Landscape
Wachau Cultural Landscape is a Danube valley distinguished by a long historical evolution. There has been human occupation in the Wachau from Palaeolithic times.
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West Lake
The West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou is an implementation of the classical Chinese landscape ideal by improving the natural landscape with bridges, causeways, pavillions etc.
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Yagul and Mitla
The Prehistoric caves of Yagul and Mitla in the Central Valley of Oaxaca are archaeological sites associated with the Zapotec civilization and much earlier primitive farmers.
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