Endemic Bird Species

Endemic Bird Species refers to any species of bird found only in a specific geographical area.

The connection is restricted to WHS within which at least 1 bird species "endemic" to the area within which the site is situated is found. The rule for determining "Endemism" is that described by Birdlife International using the definition that an endemic bird species is one whose historic breeding range is less than 50000 sq kms.

World Heritage Sites connected to 'Endemic Bird Species':

  • Aldabra Atoll Rail, Drongo, Fody, Warbler (probably extinct)
  • Alejandro de Humboldt National Park Of c24 endemic Cuban species around 12 can be found here
  • Australian Convict Sites Darlington Probation Station - Maria Island has 10 endemic bird species ; link
  • Canaima National Park Most of the 36 endemic birds of the Guyanan Highlands are totally restricted to the vicinity of the tepuis (UNEP-WCMC)
  • Central Amazon Conservation Complex Amazon flooded forest, Jaú National Park: Chestnut-headed Nunlet (Nonnula amaurocephala), Klages's Antwren (Myrmotherula klagesi); link
  • Central Highlands Sri Lanka EBA, Peak Wilderness IBA, Knuckles IBA, Horton Plains IBA: various species; link
  • Cocos Island Cocos Island EBA: Cocos Cuckoo (Coccyzus ferrugineus), Cocos Flycatcher (Nesotriccus ridgwayi), Cocos Finch (Pinaroloxias inornata)
  • Darien National Park two Endemic Bird Areas, the Darién and Urabá Lowlands below c.900m, and above this, the East Panama and Darién Highlands - at least 30 are restricted-range species (UNEP-WCMC)
  • Dja Faunal Reserve Cameroon and Gabon lowlands EBA, Dja Faunal Reserve IBA: Grey-necked Picathartes (Picathartes oreas), Forest Swallow (Hirundo fuliginosa), Rachel's Malimbe (Malimbus racheliae) ; link
  • East Rennell Bare-eyed Whiteeye, Rennell Starling, Snakebill, Fantail
  • Fraser Island Eastern Australia EBA, Cooloola and Fraser Coast IBA: Black-breasted Buttonquail (Turnix melanogaster), Green Catbird (Ailuroedus crassirostris), Regent Bowerbird (Sericulus chrysocephalus), Pale-yellow Robin (Tregellasia capito) ; link
  • Galapagos Islands Galapagos Finches (13), Mocking birds (4), Flycatcher, Rail, Hawk and Heron
  • Garajonay "Two species of bird, white-tailed and dark-tailed laurel pigeon, are endemic to the Canaries" (ab ev)
  • Gough and Inaccessible Islands Gough Island Rail and Bunting, Inaccessible Island Rail
  • Hawaii Volcanoes Hawai'i Island - apane, amakihi, Hawaiian creeper; link
  • Heard and McDonald Islands Heard Island Cormorant, Balck-faced Sheathbill (subspecies)
  • Henderson Island Henderson Crake, Fruit Dove, Lorikeet, Warblber
  • Huanglong West Sichuan mountains EBA: Chinese Monal (Lophophorus lhuysii), Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans); link
  • Iguazu National Park Atlantic forest lowlands - Canebrake Groundcreeper (Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides), Spotted Bamboowren (Psilorhamphus guttatus), Tawny-browed Owl (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), Temminck's Seedeater (Sporophila falcirostris), White-bearded Antshrike (Biatas nigropectus); link
  • Jiuzhaigou Valley West Sichuan mountains EBA: Chinese Monal (Lophophorus lhuysii), Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans); link
  • Kaziranga National Park Assam Plains EBA, Kaziranga IBA: Marsh Babbler (Pellorneum palustre), Black-breasted Parrotbill (Paradoxornis flavirostris)
  • Lagoons of New Caledonia New Caledonia EBA, several island IBA's: some 31 endemic bird species; link
  • Laurisilva of Madeira Madeira and the Canary Islands - Madeira Laurel Pigeon (Columba trocaz), Plain Swift (Apus unicolor), ; link
  • Lopé-Okanda Cameroon and Gabon lowlands EBA, Lopé Faunal Reserve IBA: Grey-necked Picathartes (Picathartes oreas), Forest Swallow (Hirundo fuliginosa), Rachel's Malimbe (Malimbus racheliae), Dja River Warbler (Bradypterus grandis); link
  • Lord Howe Island Lord Howe EBA and IBA: 6 species; link
  • Macquarie Island Macquarie Shag
  • Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam Plains EBA, Manas IBA: Marsh Babbler (Pellorneum palustre), Black-breasted Parrotbill (Paradoxornis flavirostris)
  • Manu National Park three Endemic Bird Areas represented within the Park: the South-East Peruvian lowlands, with 15 restricted range species, the Eastern Andean Foothills of Peru, with 11 restricted range species, and the High Peruvian Andes with 30 restricted range species, totalling 56 (UNEP-WCMC)
  • Morne Trois Pitons St Lucia Parrot, Oriole, Black finch, Flycatcher, Pewee and House Wren
  • Mount Emei, including Leshan Giant Buddha Chinese Subtropical Forest EBA, Emei Shan: Omei Shan Liocichla (Liocichla omeiensis), Gold-fronted Fulvetta (Alcippe variegaticeps); link
  • Ogasawara Islands Ogasawara Islands (its own EBA) - Japanese Wood-pigeon (Columba janthina), Bonin Wood-pigeon (Columba versicolor), Bonin White-eye (Apalopteron familiare), Bonin Thrush (Zoothera terrestris), Bonin Grosbeak (Chaunoproctus ferreorostris) ; link
  • Papahanaumokuakea four species of endemic birds have been identified, including remarkably isolated species such as the Nihoa Finch (Critically Endangered), Nihoa Millerbird (Critically Endangered), Laysan Finch (Vulnerable), and Laysan Duck (Critically Endangered), one of the world‘s rarest ducks (UNEP-WCMC)
  • Phong Nha - Ke Bang The area is part of both an Endemic Bird Area and an Important Bird Area. 15 species are listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book and 20 in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (UNEP-WCMC)
  • Pitons Management Area five endemic bird species
  • Pitons of Reunion Réunion EBA, Piton des Neiges - Gros Morne: Olivaceous Bulbul (Hypsipetes borbonicus), Mascarene Grey White-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), Reunion Olive White-eye (Zosterops olivaceus), Reunion Stonechat (Saxicola tectes); link
  • Rock Islands all of Palau’s 9 endemic bird species have been observed in the RISL (AB ev)
  • Sangay National Park The Park contains two Endemic Bird Areas, the Central Andean Páramo, home to ten bird species of restricted range, and the Eastern Andes of Ecuador and northern Peru, home to 15 restricted-range species. (UNEP-WCMC)
  • Sangha Trinational Sangha Forest Robin; link
  • Simien National Park The Park lies within one of the world’s Endemic Bird Areas .... The 137 recorded bird species .... include 16 endemic to Ethiopia (UNEP-WCMC)
  • Sinharaja Forest Sri Lanka has c29 endemic birds - around 20 are in Sinharaja
  • Socotra Archipelago Socotra Starling, Socotra Sunbird, Socotra Sparrow and Socotra Grosbeak
  • St. Kilda St Kilda Wren (sub species)
  • Sub-Antarctic Islands Definition of species/sub species in flux - c14 including species of Shag, Penguin, Parakeet, Snipe, Teal, Albatross, Rail, Oystercatcher, Fernbird
  • Three parallel rivers of Yunnan Yunnan mountains Endemic Bird Area - White-speckled Laughingthrush (Garrulax bieti), Brown-winged Parrotbill (Paradoxornis brunneus), Yunnan Nuthatch (Sitta yunnanensis) ; link
  • Tsingy de Bemaraha West Malagasy dry forests EBA, Bemaraha Tsingy National Park IBA: Coquerel's Coua, Schlegel's Asity; link
  • Vallée de Mai Seychelles Bulbul, Black Parrot, Kestrel, Swiftlet, Sunbird Blue Pigeon
  • Western Ghats Western Ghats Endemic Bird Area (Birdlife, 2010) with 16 endemic breeding species. (AB ev)
  • Wet Tropics of Queensland Queensland wet tropics EBA: 16 endemic bird species; link