Fusion
WHS where the OUV is derived from a fusion of cultural influences.
Connected Sites
| Site | Rationale | Link |
| Ahmadabad | significant for the fusion of the architectural traditions of two highly distinctive cultures and religions: Islamic architectural traditions brought by the rulers and founders of the city, and the Hindu-Jain tradition of construction and crafts of the local community (AB ev) | |
| Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque | It is a monument fusing the humanist ideals of the Franciscan order with the local collective traditions, aimed at promoting common wellbeing through an impressive construction achievement over 17 years. | |
| Arab-Norman Palermo | syncretism between Western, Islamic and Byzantine cultures | |
| Arequipa | "creative integration of European and native characteristics" | |
| As-Salt | The significant architecture within the historic city core emerged as a result of cultural exchange and circulation. The circulation of images, architectural types, building techniques and materials culminated in a cultural exchange that supported a new urban lifestyle new to As-Salt fused with local tribal/urban customs of urban hospitality and support and symbiosis between Muslim and Christian residents of the city. This is not only the circulation of architectural types, images, building techniques; but also the circulation of Modernity art such as the circulation of Art Nouveau paintings. (nom file p34) | |
| Ayutthaya | "All buildings were elegantly decorated with the highest quality of crafts and mural paintings, which consisted of an eclectic mixture of traditional styles surviving from Sukhothai, inherited from Angkor, and borrowed from the 17th and 18th century art styles of Japan, China, India, Persia and Europe, creating a rich and unique expression of a cosmopolitan culture" | |
| Caceres | Crit iv: "bear the traces of highly diverse and contradictory influences, such as Northern Gothic, Islamic, Italian Renaissance and arts of the New World. " | |
| Cathedral of St. James in Sibenik | "The Cathedral of St James is the fruitful outcome of considerable interchanges of influences between the three culturally different regions of Northern Italy, Dalmatia, and Tuscany" | |
| Chichen-Itza | "The fusion of Mayan construction techniques with new elements from central Mexico make Chichen-Itza one of the most important examples of the Mayan-Toltec civilization in Yucatán" | |
| Church of Atlántida | The church is inspired by Italian paleo-Christian and medieval religious architecture, while also applying modern scientific and technological knowledge. It embodies the post-war search for a renewed architectural language, expressing a modernity rooted in tradition and in the vernacular in Latin America and worldwide. (official description) | |
| Churches of Chiloé | "fusion of European and indigenous cultural traditions" | |
| Coffee Cultural Landscape | "The typical architecture in the urban settlements is a fusion between the Spanish cultural patterns and the indigenous culture of the region adapted as well to the coffee growing process, through for example their sliding roofs." (OUV) | |
| Colonia del Sacramento | "successful fusion of the Portuguese, Spanish and post-colonial styles" | |
| Cultural Landscape of Kenozero Lake | "It incorporates a number of traditional rural settlements with vernacular wooden architecture and reflects the communal management of agriculture and nature that developed when the indigenous Finno-Ugric forest culture merged with the traditional Slavic field culture." | |
| Dazu Rock Carvings | "Tantric Buddhism from India and Chinese Taoist and Confucian beliefs came together at Dazu" | |
| Fasil Ghebbi | Gondarian style: buildings marked by Hindu and Arab influences, subsequently transformed by the Baroque style brought to Gondar by the Jesuit missionaries. | |
| Golestan Palace | successful integration of earlier Persian crafts and architecture with Western influences (brief description) | |
| Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain | fusion of ancient shamanic and Buddhist practices (AB ev) | |
| Gusuku of Ryukyu | "cultural interchange between South-East Asia, China, Korea and Japan, and this is vividly demonstrated by the surviving monuments" | |
| Hoi An | "Hoi An is an outstanding material manifestation of the fusion of cultures over time in an international commercial port." | |
| Hwaseong Fortress | "The Hwaseong Fortress represents the pinnacle of 18th century military architecture, incorporating the best of that from Europe and from the Far East." | |
| Kaiping Diaolou | "fusion between Chinese and Western architectural styles" | |
| Kii Mountain Range | "unique fusion between Shintoism and Buddhism" | |
| Kulangsu | Kulangsu is shown to be unique in that it witnessed mutual reference and a cultural fusion between diverse cultures that materialized in an organic urban fabric, and a slow self-transformation (AB ev) | |
| L'viv | outstanding example of the fusion of the architectural and artistic traditions of eastern Europe with those of Italy and Germany (AB ev) | |
| Lamu Old Town | "The town is characterized by narrow streets and magnificent stone buildings with impressive curved doors, influenced by unique fusion of Swahili, Arabic, Persian, Indian and European building styles." | |
| Levuka | reflects the integration of local building traditions by a supreme naval power, leading to the emergence of a unique landscape (brief description) | |
| Longobards in Italy | "The Lombard monuments are an exemplary testimony to the cultural and artistic synthesis that occurred in Italy in the 6th to the 8th centuries, between the Roman heritage, Christian spirituality, Byzantine influence and the values derived from the Germanic world." (Official description – criterion ii) – "An immigrant people of Germanic origin, the Lombards settled in Italy and adopted Christianity. In the presence of an imposing Roman heritage and in contact with Byzantine and Middle Eastern influences, they developed their own unique cultural, architectural and artistic synthesis." (AB Ev) | |
| Luang Prabang | "fusion of traditional architecture and Lao urban structures with those built by the European colonial authorities" | |
| Macao | "unique testimony to the first and longest-lasting encounter between the West and China. ... The impact of this encounter can be traced in the fusion of different cultures that characterise the historic core zone of Macao." | |
| Mountain Railways of India | "The DHR links not only the plains with the high Himalaya, but also two distinct cultural traditions - the Hindu culture of Bengal and the Buddhist culture of the mountain region. As a result Darjeeling, which lies at an important nodal point, reflects a cultural fusion between these two cultures (not forgetting, also, the British influence)." (AB eval) | |
| Namhansanseong | "It bears witness to a synthesis of both military and urban concepts stemming from Korean, Chinese, Japanese and European influences, with the use for the first time of Western firearms." - AB Evaluation | |
| Nice | "Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera, represents an important example of the fusion of British, Italian, French, Russian and other cultural influences, resulting in a variety of architectural styles, designs and decorations of buildings that express its cosmopolitan character as a winter resort, especially in the 19th century, under the impetus of the Consiglio d'Ornato." (Official description – criterion ii) | |
| Old Town of Galle | showing the interaction between European architectural styles and South Asian traditions (unesco website) | |
| Paramaribo | "gradual fusion of European architecture and construction techniques with indigenous South America materials and crafts to create a new architectural idiom" | |
| Petra | "outstanding fusion of Hellenistic architecture with Eastern tradition" | |
| Puebla | "aesthetic concepts resulting from the fusion of European and American styles were adopted locally" | |
| Rachid Karami International Fair-Tripoli | "the successful integration of Brazilian modernist concepts into the context of the Arab Near East in Tripoli and is a vivid example of cultural exchange in the field of architecture" (crit ii) | |
| Ravenna | "The Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna are without parallel because of the crucial evidence they provide of artistic and religious relationships and contacts at an important period of European cultural history. The mosaics are among the best surviving examples of this form of art in Europe and have an increased significance due to the blending of western and eastern motifs and techniques". (Official description – Criterion ii) Of the Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, the AB Ev mentioned that "both the exterior and the interior of the basilica graphically illustrate the fusion between the western and eastern styles characteristic of the late 5th-early 6th century." (AB Ev) | |
| Red Fort | "fusion of Islamic, Persian, Timurid and Hindu traditions" | |
| Roșia Montană | The site demonstrates a fusion of imported Roman mining technology with locally developed techniques (Official description) | |
| San Antonio Missions | of Spanish and Coahuiltecan cultures | |
| Site of Xanadu | "From Xanadu, the mounted warriors of Kublai Khan unified the agrarian civilisations of China, and partly assimilated to the latter’s culture, while extending the Yuan empire right across North Asia. The plan of Xanadu, with Palace and Imperial cities enclosed partly by the Outer City containing evidence of the nomadic encampments and royal hunting enclosure, comprises a unique example of this cultural fusion. " (AB ev) | |
| Stone Town of Zanzibar | "brought together and homogenized disparate elements of the cultures of Africa, the Arab region, India, and Europe" | |
| Sudanese style mosques | "reflect a fusion of Islamic and local architectural forms" (official description) | |
| Sukhothai | "The great civilization which evolved in the kingdom of Sukhothai was a tributary of numerous influences and ancient local traditions, but the rapid assimilation of all these elements forged, in record time, what is known as the Sukhothai style." | |
| Sviyazhsk | fusion of artistic forces of large artistic centres of the Russian state, such as Novgorod, Pskov and Moscow, as well as of masters of the Volga region towns and artists working in the Rostov and Suzdal regions (AB ev) | |
| São Francisco Square | Criterion (ii): The Sao Francisco Square represents the outcome of the merging of the modes of territorial occupation and settlement of Portugal and Spain according to which urban settlements were established in their respective colonial empires. This property exhibits an important fusion of urban models, which occurred during the unification under one crown of two rival Empires. | |
| Sítio Roberto Burle Marx | crit iv: "a new type of landscape design that fused creative ideas of the Modern art movement with local typologies and tropical plants" | |
| Tlacotalpan | represent a fusion of Spanish and Caribbean traditions (OUV) | |
| Tomioka Silk Mill | Crit iv: "The extent of the plant, from its initial design, and the deliberate adoption of the best Western techniques illustrate a decisive period for the spread of industrial methods to Japan and the Far East. Its large, late 19th century buildings provide an eminent example of the emergence of a style of industrial architecture specific to Japan, combining foreign and local elements. " (OUV) | |
| Trinity Sergius Lavra | OUV: fusion of traditional Russian architecture with that of western Europe to create an eastern European tradition | |
| Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai | ..blended Indian design with Art Deco imagery (OUV) | |
| Vigan | Its architecture reflects the coming together of cultural elements from elsewhere in the Philippines, from China and from Europe | |
| Wooden Churches of Maramures | "The Maramures wooden churches are outstanding examples of vernacular religious wooden architecture resulting from the interchange of Orthodox religious traditions with Gothic influences in a specific vernacular interpretation of timber construction traditions, showing a high level of artistic maturity and craft skills." (Criterion iv) | |
| Xochicalco | fusion of cultural elements from different parts of Mesoamerica (AB ev, crit iv) | |
| Yogyakarta | Crit ii: "an important interchange of human values and ideas between different belief systems related to Javanese animism and ancestor worship, Hinduism and Buddhism from India, Sufi Islam from either India or the Middle East, and Western influences" | |
| Zagori Cultural Landscape | - "The vernacular architecture, urban structure, and public infrastructure of the villages have been influenced by an exchange with other areas of the Balkan region, Central Europe, Russia, Asia Minor, and Constantinople, where Zagorisians practiced temporary migration. Zagorisians imported ideas and styles to their homeland and provided investments which enabled the development of this isolated area of the Pindus Mountain range. Zagorochoria are representative of the common legacy of Byzantine and Ottoman vernacular architecture of the larger Balkan region." (OUV) |
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