Mongol Invasions
WHS destroyed during, damaged by or otherwise significantly related to the Mongol Invasions of the 13th-14th centuries in Eurasia.
Connected Sites
| Site | Rationale | Link |
| Aleppo | Siege of Aleppo (1260): "Mongol, Armenian and Frankish forces overran the entire city, except for the citadel which held out until 25 February and was demolished following its capitulation. The ensuing massacre, which lasted six days, was methodical and thorough, in which nearly all Muslims and Jews were killed, though most of the women and children were sold into slavery. Also included in the destruction was the burning of the Great Mosque of Aleppo." (wiki) | |
| Ancient Merv | "This brilliant flowering came to a violent end in 1221-22, when it was sacked by the Mongols, who slew many of its inhabitants and destroyed the complex water system." (AB ev) | |
| Ani | "The advent of Mongol rule in 1239 CE until 1358 CE,.., led to the eventual decline and abandonment of Ani as a viable city" (AB ev) | |
| Bukhara | Siege of Bukhara: "The Mongol army killed everybody in the citadel and enslaved most of the city's population. The Mongols appropriated the work of skilled craftsmen and artisans, conscripting other inhabitants into their armies. Although Bukhara was then destroyed by fire, the destruction was relatively mild compared to elsewhere" (wiki) | |
| Gyeongju | "Hwangnyongsa - This group consists of two ruined temples, Hwangnyongsa and Punhwangsa. Hwangnyongsa, built to the order of King Chinhung (540-76) was the largest temple ever built in Korea, covering some 72,500m2. An 80m high nine-storey pagoda was added in 645. The entire complex was destroyed by Mongol invaders in 1238." - AB Document | |
| Haeinsa Temple | "The Haeinsa Tripitaka woodblocks were carved in an appeal to the authority of the Buddha in the defense of Korea against the Mongol invasions." (OUV Brief Synthesis) | |
| Hegmataneh | "around 1220, the city was completely destroyed by the Mongol invasion" (AB ev) | |
| Kaesong | "A large part of Manwoldae was damaged in the days when the capital was moved to Kanghwa Island between 1232 and 1270 during a Mongol invasion." - Nomination File | |
| Kunya-Urgench | "the Khorezm capital that rose to great prominence between the 10th and 14th centuries, before being destroyed by the Mongols" (OUV) | |
| Samarkand | Siege of Samarkand (1220): "The citizens of the city soon surrendered at the instigation of the Muslim clergy; most were however enslaved or conscripted in traditional Mongol fashion." (wiki) | |
| Spissky Hrad and Levoca | "Als eine der wenigen Burgen hielt die Zipser Burg dem Mongoleneinfall von 1241/42 stand und wurde noch weiter befestigt" (wiki de) | |
| Susa | In 1218, the city was razed by invading Mongols (wiki) | |
| White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal | Cathedral of the Assumption in Vladimir: "Most of the 12th-century frescoes were destroyed by Mongols in 1238" (OUV Brief Synthesis) |
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