Destroyed during invasion

Connected Sites: 63

Definition
WHS (or significant parts thereof) that were destroyed or severely damaged during invasion. This excludes wars since 1914 as they already have their own Connection.

Map

Connected Sites

  • Carthage
    Carthage
    Tunisia
    Inscribed: 1979
    3.14
    172
    6
    Third Punic War in 146 BC
  • Angkor
    Angkor
    Cambodia
    Inscribed: 1992
    4.72
    365
    30
    Thai Invasion in 1431
  • Kernavė
    Kernavė
    Lithuania
    Inscribed: 2004
    2.32
    150
    8
    Destroyed by the Teutonic Order in the late 14th century
  • Costiera Amalfitana
    Inscribed: 1997
    3.91
    294
    7
    Scala was destroyed by the Pisans in the 12th Century.
  • Ancient Merv
    Ancient Merv
    Turkmenistan
    Inscribed: 1999
    2.83
    42
    5
    Destroyed by the Mongols in 1221
  • Shakhrisyabz
    Shakhrisyabz
    Uzbekistan
    Inscribed: 2000
    2.61
    102
    6
    Destroyed by the Emir of Bukhara in the 16th century
  • Biblical Tells
    Inscribed: 2005
    3.03
    101
    10
    Megiddo, Hatzor
  • Santa Ana de los Rios de Cuenca
    Inscribed: 1999
    2.93
    81
    5
    In late 1531 or early 1532, Atahualpa and his generals forced the city Tumebamba to surrender and had it destroyed. Tumebamba is the Inca city that was on the present site of Cuenca, Ecuador
  • Speyer Cathedral
    Inscribed: 1981
    3.02
    266
    13
    Speyer Cathedral during the Nine Years' War (Palatinate War of Succession 1688?97) by French troops
  • El Fuerte de Samaipata
    Inscribed: 1998
    2.91
    43
    7
    Wiki: "Guarani warriors conquered the plains and valleys of Santa Cruz and destroyed Samaipata."
  • Great Smoky Mountains
    Great Smoky Mountains
    United States of America
    Inscribed: 1983
    3.36
    172
    11
    Oconaluftee, the Cherokee capital within the park area was probably destroyed in 1776 by the army of General Griffith Rutherford during the American Revolution.
  • Turaif Quarter
    Turaif Quarter
    Saudi Arabia
    Inscribed: 2010
    2.29
    64
    6
    From Wiki "....led to the Ottoman-Saudi War of 1811?1818 and an invasion of Arabia by Ottoman and Egyptian forces brought the Saudi state to an end in 1818, with Diriyah capitulating after a nearly-year-long siege. The leader of the invading force, Ibrahim Pasha, ordered the destruction of Diriyah. However, when a member of the local nobility tried to revive the Wahhabi state in Diriyah, Ibrahim ordered his troops to destroy the town even further and set whatever was left of it on fire. When the Saudis revived their fortunes in 1824 and again in 1902, they made their capital further south in Riyadh, which remained their capital ever since.
  • Hwaseong Fortress
    Hwaseong Fortress
    Republic of Korea
    Inscribed: 1997
    2.96
    152
    19
    North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950. "Considerable damage was caused to some parts of the Fortress during the Korean War. The Changanmun and Ch'angyongmun Gates were completely destroyed, and sections of the walls were demolished." - AB Document
  • Stari Ras and Sopocani
    Inscribed: 1979
    2.77
    91
    6
    During one of the raids, in 1689, the Ottoman Turks set fire to the monastery and carried off the lead from the church roof. The brotherhood escaped and the monastery remained deserted for over two hundred years, until the 20th century. The church slowly decayed: its vaults caved in, its dome fell down, and the remains of the surrounding buildings were covered with rubble and earth.
    See en.wikipedia.org
  • Santiago de Compostela
    Inscribed: 1985
    3.56
    228
    7
    "Taken and laid waste to in 997 by Al Mansour, the city was rebuilt during the 11th century around the apostle's tomb which had gone unviolated." (AB Ev)
  • Roman Walls of Lugo
    Inscribed: 2000
    2.89
    165
    7
    A section of the wall was destroyed in 984, during the siege of the town by Almanzor. (Nomination file, p. 75)
  • Summer Palace
    Inscribed: 1998
    3.90
    297
    9
    Lord Elgin 1860
  • Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple
    Inscribed: 1995
    3.32
    141
    10
    "During the Imjin wars, the wooden buildings were burned to the ground. After 1604, reconstruction and expansion of Bulguksa started." -wiki
  • Colonia del Sacramento
    Inscribed: 1995
    2.70
    142
    12
    By Spain in 1704/5
  • Palenque
    Palenque
    Mexico
    Inscribed: 1987
    4.11
    146
    7
    towards the end of the 12th Century by coastal peoples
  • Troy
    Troy
    Turkiye
    Inscribed: 1998
    2.82
    141
    8
    Trojan War
  • Babylon
    Inscribed: 2019
    3.13
    29
    3
    Babylon was severely damaged during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the occupation by military units of the Coalition Forces: "The use of Babylon as a military base was a grave encroachment on this internationally known archeological site".
    See web.archive.org
  • Ashur
    Ashur
    Iraq
    Inscribed: 2003
    2.86
    18
    2
    Destroyed by the Medes in 614 BC
  • Berlin Modernism Housing Estates
    Inscribed: 2008
    2.16
    278
    15
    Russian attack on Berlin in 1945
  • Cidade Velha
    Cidade Velha
    Cabo Verde
    Inscribed: 2009
    1.92
    53
    3
    Ruínas da Catedral da Ribeira Grande de Santiago - destroyed during "a major attack carried out by the French privateer, Jacques Cassard, in 1712".
    See ipc.cv
  • Khami Ruins
    Khami Ruins
    Zimbabwe
    Inscribed: 1986
    2.72
    26
    3
    1683
  • White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
    Inscribed: 1992
    3.36
    81
    6
    Bogolyubovo by Mongols during the 1230's
  • Polonnaruva
    Polonnaruva
    Sri Lanka
    Inscribed: 1982
    3.37
    154
    6
    Kalinga invasion in 1214
  • Persepolis
    Inscribed: 1979
    4.37
    103
    3
    Alexander the Great 330BC
  • Inscribed: 2017
    3.48
    1
    0
    by the Portuguese in 1665
  • Ibiza
    Ibiza
    Spain
    Inscribed: 1999
    2.77
    126
    5
    By Vandals, 5th century
  • Hatra
    Hatra
    Iraq
    Inscribed: 1985
    3.40
    19
    5
    Destroyed by the Sassanids in 241
  • Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex
    Inscribed: 2021
    2.71
    21
    3
    Chankillo and other structures of the Casma/Sechin culture were partially destroyed and their use abandoned in an apparent conflict about 100 BCE. (Wiki)
  • Berat and Gjirokastra
    Inscribed: 2005
    3.54
    187
    7
    Berat: sacked and burned by the Romans
  • Ayutthaya
    Ayutthaya
    Thailand
    Inscribed: 1991
    3.60
    291
    15
    By Burmese Army in 1767
  • Al Zubarah
    Inscribed: 2013
    1.75
    72
    6
    The attack on Zubarah in 1811 was followed by a short period of abandonment.
  • Xixia Imperial Tombs
    Inscribed: 2025
    3.00
    19
    1

    "In 1227, after numerous offensives, the Mongol army of Genghis Khan put an end to the Xixia Empire and destroyed its capital" (AB ev)
  • Timgad
    Timgad
    Algeria
    Inscribed: 1982
    3.37
    39
    4
    After the Vandal invasion of 430, Timgad was destroyed at the end of the 5th century by montagnards of the Aurès. The Byzantine Reconquest revived some activities in the city (...). The Arab invasion brought about the final ruin of Thamugadi which ceased to be inhabited after the 8th century. (Unesco website)
  • Susa
    Susa
    Iran
    Inscribed: 2015
    2.40
    30
    4
    In 1218, the city was razed by invading Mongols (wiki)
  • Røros
    Røros
    Norway
    Inscribed: 1980
    3.02
    92
    5
    Røros was burned to the ground in 1678 and 1679 by the Swedish Army during the Scanian War.
  • Rila Monastery
    Inscribed: 1983
    3.56
    207
    9
    Destroyed by the Ottomans in the middle of the 15th Century
  • Quebrada de Humahuaca
    Inscribed: 2003
    3.14
    63
    5
    The Pucara at Tilcara was destroyed by the Spaniards and its inhabitants exiled.
  • Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro
    Inscribed: 2021
    2.91
    325
    6
    Most of the Retiro palace and its gardens were destroyed during the Peninsular War (1807–1814) when the troops of the First French Empire built the Citadel of Madrid in its grounds.
  • Old City of Jerusalem
    Inscribed: 1981
    4.36
    276
    12
    By the Roman Army (70 A.D.)
  • Luang Prabang
    Inscribed: 1995
    3.65
    193
    5
    Black Haw Invasion in 1887 destroyed most of temples and palaces
  • Kunya-Urgench
    Kunya-Urgench
    Turkmenistan
    Inscribed: 2005
    2.56
    48
    4
    Genghis Khan 1221
  • Koguryo Kingdom
    Inscribed: 2004
    2.94
    27
    3
    "Koguryo directly bordered the Kingdom of Wei, with which it often conflicted. General Wu Qi~ujian of Wei attacked Koguryo. The construction of palaces of Wandu Mountain City was damaged. King Dongchuanwang moved the capital to Guonei City (209AD) and started the first round of construction of the city." - Nomination File
  • Kaesong
    Kaesong
    Korea (DPR)
    Inscribed: 2013
    2.37
    37
    2
    "Koryo Songgyungwan was burnt down by Japanese invaders in 1592; rebuilt over nine years from 1602." - nomination file
  • Hedeby and Danevirke
    Inscribed: 2018
    2.23
    131
    6
    Hedeby was destroyed by the Slavs in 1066.
  • Gyeongju
    Gyeongju
    Republic of Korea
    Inscribed: 2000
    3.31
    148
    14
    "Hwangnyongsa - This group consists of two ruined temples, Hwangnyongsa and Punhwangsa. Hwangnyongsa, built to the order of King Chinhung (540-76) was the largest temple ever built in Korea, covering some 72,500m2. An 80m high nine-storey pagoda was added in 645. The entire complex was destroyed by Mongol invaders in 1238." - AB Document
  • Grand Place, Brussels
    Inscribed: 1998
    3.49
    557
    20
    "On August 13, 1695, a 70,000-strong French army under Marshal Fran?ois de Neufville, Duke of Villeroy began a bombardment of Brussels in an effort to draw the League of Augsburg's forces away from their siege on French-held Namur in what is now southern Belgium. The French launched a massive bombardment of the mostly defenseless city centre with cannons and mortars, setting it on fire and flattening the majority of the Grand Place and the surrounding city. Only the stone shell of the town hall and a few fragments of other buildings remained standing. That the town hall survived at all is ironic, as it was the principal target of the artillery fire."
  • Ferrara
    Ferrara
    Italy
    Inscribed: 1995
    3.19
    233
    10
    Comacchio was destroyed by the Venetians in 854
  • Danube Limes
    Danube Limes
    Austria, Germany, Slovakia
    Inscribed: 2021
    2.05
    250
    6
    "One of the most significant periods of crisis in the history of the (...) Danube Limes was the time of the Marcomannic Wars (166–180 AD). Many fortifications and especially the civilian hinterland (...) were attacked, raided or even destroyed several times by barbarian tribes. Destruction levels have been identified on many sites in the Danube Limes provinces." (Nomination text, p. 99-100) Enns-Lauriacum (ID 14) was destroyed several times by Germanic tribes (Juthungi, Alemanni) in the third century, but it was the passage of the Huns in the fifth century that meant the end of the settlement.
    See de.wikipedia.org
  • Curonian Spit
    Curonian Spit
    Lithuania, Russia
    Inscribed: 2000
    3.28
    165
    7
    Kaup was destroyed by the Crusades
  • Changdeokgung Palace Complex
    Inscribed: 1997
    3.15
    234
    7
    Korea's Changdeokgung and Jongmyo Shrine by Japanese Invasion in 1592
  • Belfries
    Belfries
    Belgium, France
    Inscribed: 1999
    2.94
    450
    17
    The Belfry and city hall of Binche were burnt down by the troops of the French king Henry II in 1554 when taking the city. (Nomination file, p. 4) One of the first versions of the belfry of Bergues was destroyed by the invading troops of the French king Charles VI in 1383. (Nomination file, p. 31)
  • Baekje Historic Areas
    Baekje Historic Areas
    Republic of Korea
    Inscribed: 2015
    2.42
    74
    8
    Mireuksa Temple, “The findings indicated that the temple was established in the early 7th century during the reign of King Mu and was demolished around the time of the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592.” - Nomination File
  • Anuradhapura
    Anuradhapura
    Sri Lanka
    Inscribed: 1982
    3.36
    140
    7
    Chola invasion in 1017
  • Ani
    Ani
    Turkiye
    Inscribed: 2016
    3.46
    49
    6
    The Mongols unsuccessfully besieged Ani in 1226, but in 1236 they captured and sacked the city, massacring large numbers of its population (wiki)
  • Royal Palaces of Abomey
    Inscribed: 1985
    2.72
    37
    2
    Abomey - destroyed during the French invasion in 1892
  • Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad
    Inscribed: 1980
    2.17
    22
    3
    destroyed by the Almohads in 1152.
  • Minaret of Jam
    Minaret of Jam
    Afghanistan
    Inscribed: 2002
    3.91
    7
    1
    The city of Firuzkuh where it was located was apparently destroyed by the Mongols
  • Jongmyo Shrine
    Jongmyo Shrine
    Republic of Korea
    Inscribed: 1995
    2.56
    184
    11
    By Japanese Invasion in 1592