Cave dwellings

Avdat

Castelcivita Caves were probably used as a hiding place for Spartacus' rebels army

"Archaeological excavation in rock shelters and caves located in the Sirvan river valley of Kurdistan Province have led to the discovery of evidence belonging to stone-age hunters and early cave dwellers." (Nomination file, p. 37) "A total of 45 caves and cliff shelters have been identified in Hawraman/Uramanat. Most of these caves are natural but a few have been altered due to human intervention. (...) it can be strongly claimed that cave-dwelling in Hawraman/Uramanat has a long history whether permanent or temporary." (Nomination file, p. 130)

Lelepa Cave was the residence of the chiefs according to local tradition.

A large number of troglodyte settlements (AB ev)

The Hermit Cave, used by Byzantine monks

Hopi dwellings

The site also features the remains of inhabited caves, settlements and burials, all reflecting an intensive human use (AB ev)

Inhabited by the Tellem and the Dogon, until now

"The valley was abandoned for a long period, but at the end of the 19th century, the caves were inhabited and used as shelters for domestic animals." (AB evaluation)